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Edward Jenner Steptoe (November 7, 1815 - April 1, 1865) was an officer in the United States Army who served in the Mexican-American War and the Indian Wars. He is primarily remembered for his defeat at the Battle of Pine Creek during the Spokane-Coeur d'Alene-Paloos War. It was at Pine Creek where Steptoe and 164 men were ambushed by over 1000 Indian warriors.〔(Oregon volunteers battle the Walla Wallas and other tribes beginning on December 7, 1855 ), HistoryLink, April 20, 2008〕〔(Johnson, Randall A., ''May 17, 1858. The Ordeal of the Steptoe Command'' (HistoryLink.org essay No. 8123) )〕 The battle, and the subsequent (successful) retreat, is also known as "the Steptoe Disaster."〔Keenan, Jerry. "Steptoe, Col. Edward Jenner." Encyclopedia of American Indian Wars 1492-1890 Santa Barbara, CA : ABC-CLIO, c1997 p. 223.〕 ==History== Steptoe was born in Virginia and graduated from West Point on July 1, 1837. He first saw action in Florida fighting against the Seminoles.〔〔(Biography of Edward Steptoe ) (University of Utah — Utah History Encyclopedia)〕 From 1838 to 1842, Steptoe fought extensively in the Seminole War. During the Mexican-American War, he participated in the Siege of Vera Cruz, and fought in the Battles of Cerro Gordo, San Antonio Garita, Buena Vista, and Chapultepec. After Cerro Gordo he was promoted to brevet major, and following Chapultepec he was promoted to brevet lieutenant colonel.〔 After the war, he was posted to Utah to deal with problems between Native Americans and white settlers. In 1854, President Franklin Pierce offered Steptoe the governorship of the Utah Territory, to replace Brigham Young. Steptoe did not receive the actual letter from Pierce until March 1855. By that time he had already decided to turn down the offer.〔 Instead, he was promoted to Major of the newly formed 9th Infantry Regiment. In May 1858, during the Spokane–Coeur d'Alene–Paloos War, a combined force of about 1,000 Coeur d’Alenes, Spokanes, and Palouses attacked and defeated a force of 164 US troops under Steptoe at the Battle of Pine Creek.〔 Steptoe was sent on sick leave after the battle, during which he was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, and resigned due to ill health in November 1861. He died four years later in his home state of Virginia. He is buried in Lynchburg, Virginia, where his tombstone is marked: "Edward J. Steptoe, Lieut. Col., Army of the United States." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Edward Steptoe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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